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EFFICACY OF INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE IN INDIA

Sunday, 24th of August 2014

EFFICACY OF INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE IN INDIA

1. Hamid Jafari¹,*,
2. Jagadish M. Deshpande²,
3. Roland W. Sutter³,^†,
4. Sunil Bahl¹,
5. Harish Verma³,
6. Mohammad Ahmad¹,
7. Abhishek Kunwar¹,
8. Rakesh Vishwakarma¹,
9. Ashutosh Agarwal¹,
10. Shilpi Jain⁴,
11. Concepcion Estivariz⁵,
12. Raman Sethi¹,
13. Natalie A. Molodecky³,
14. Nicholas C. Grassly⁶,
15. Mark A. Pallansch⁵,
16. Arani Chatterjee⁴,^‡,
17. R. Bruce Aylward³

+ Author Affiliations

1.      ¹World Health Organization, India-National Polio Surveillance Project, R. K. Khanna Stadium, Africa Avenue, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India.

2.      ²Enterovirus Research Center, Haffkine Institute Compound, Parel, Mumbai, India.

3.      ³World Health Organization, Ave Appia, Geneva, Switzerland.

4.      ⁴Panacea Biotec Ltd., New Delhi, India.

5.      ⁵Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

6.      ⁶Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK.

+ Author Notes

• ↵* Present address: Polio Operations and Research Department, World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland.
• ↵‡ Present address: Biological E Ltd., Hyderabad, India.

1. ↵†Corresponding author. E-mail: sutterr@who.int

Science 22 August 2014: Vol. 345 no. 6199 pp. 922-925

Abstract below; full text, including summary by editors, is at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6199/922.full

See also comment by Leslie Roberts, “A One-Two Punch against Polio,” at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6199/861.summary

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is efficacious against paralytic disease, but its effect on mucosal immunity is debated. We assessed the efficacy of IPV in boosting mucosal immunity. Participants received IPV, bivalent 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), or no vaccine. A bOPV challenge was administered 4 weeks later, and excretion was assessed 3, 7, and 14 days later. Nine hundred and fifty-four participants completed the study. Any fecal shedding of poliovirus type 1 was 8.8, 9.1, and 13.5% in the IPV group and 14.4, 24.1, and 52.4% in the control group by 6- to 11-month, 5-year, and 10-year groups, respectively (IPV versus control: Fishers exact test P < 0.001). IPV reduced excretion for poliovirus types 1 and 3 between 38.9 and 74.2% and 52.8 and 75.7%, respectively. Thus, IPV in OPV-vaccinated individuals boosts intestinal mucosal immunity.