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Decline in Child Hospitalization and Mortality After the Introduction of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugative Vaccine in Rwanda

Thursday, 13th of October 2016

 

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygienewww.ajtmh.org

1.   Published online July 18, 2016 , doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0923 Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016 vol. 95 no. 3 680-682

 

Decline in Child Hospitalization and Mortality After the Introduction of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugative Vaccine in Rwanda

1.   Janvier Rurangwa1 and

2.   Nadine Rujeni2,*

+ Author Affiliations

1.    ¹Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.

2.    ²Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.

+ Author Notes

           Authors addresses: Janvier Rurangwa, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, E-mail: jr.herve002@gmail.com. Nadine Rujeni, Department of Biomedical laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, E-mail: nrujeni@gmail.com.

1.    ↵* Address correspondence to Nadine Rujeni, Department of Biomedical laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Avenue de larmee, P.O. Box 3286, Kigali, Rwanda. E-mail: nrujeni@gmail.com

Abstract below; full text is available to journal subscribers.

Pneumonia is a public health problem in the tropics, and the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugative vaccine (PCV-7) has been introduced in an effort to prevent the disease and therefore reduce childhood mortality. In Rwanda, PCV-7 was introduced in 2009, and we aimed to determine its impact on the rate of child hospitalization/mortality due to pneumonia. A retrospective survey was conducted on hospitalization rates and pediatric deaths between two periods, that is, before the introduction of PCV-7 (2007–2009) and after the introduction of PCV-7 (2010–2013) in Kabutare District Hospital. There was a 53% reduction in hospitalization, with a significant decline in in-hospital deaths between the two periods. There was also a significant correlation between vaccination coverage and decline in hospitalization rates between 2009 and 2013. We conclude that PCV-7 vaccine is associated with significant reduction in the rate of child hospitalization and mortality but more mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the immunological impact, especially in the context of coinfections and malnutrition.

Footnotes

           Financial support: The Rwanda Educational Board provided a scholarship to Janvier Rurangwa.

           Received December 25, 2015.

           Accepted May 19, 2016.

           © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene