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The Effect of Maternal Pertussis Immunization on Infant Vaccine Responses to a Booster Pertussis-Containing Vaccine in Vietnam

Wednesday, 4th of January 2017

Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Dec 1;63(suppl 4):S197-S204

The Effect of Maternal Pertussis Immunization on Infant Vaccine Responses to a Booster Pertussis-Containing Vaccine in Vietnam

Maertens K1, Hoang TT2, Nguyen TD2, Caboré RN3, Duong TH2, Huygen K3, Hens N4,5, Van Damme P1, Dang DA2, Leuridan E1.

Author information

1Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium.

2Bacteriology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.

3National Reference Centre Bordetella, National Reference Centre Toxigenic Corynebacteria, Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels.

4Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University.

5Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium.

Abstract below; full text https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5106623/

BACKGROUND:

 Maternal vaccination with an acellular pertussis (aP)-containing vaccine is a recommended strategy in a growing number of industrialized countries, to protect young infants from disease. Little is known on the effect of this strategy in low- and middle-income countries. Following a previous report on the effect of adding a pertussis and diphtheria component to the tetanus vaccination program in pregnant women in Vietnam, we report on infant immune responses to a booster aP vaccine dose in this randomized controlled clinical trial.

METHODS:

 Thirty infants of Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis)-vaccinated pregnant women and 37 infants of women vaccinated with a tetanus-only vaccine received a fourth aP-containing vaccine dose in the second year of life. Blood was taken 1 month after the fourth infant dose. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (Prn), tetanus toxoid (TT), and diphtheria toxoid (DT) were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

RESULTS:

 One month after the booster dose, significantly lower antibody titers were measured in the Tdap group for anti-TT IgG (P < .001) only. Anti-DT IgG, anti-PT IgG, anti-Prn IgG, and anti-FHA IgG antibody titers were comparable for both groups. A rise in antibody concentrations was elicited for all (except DT) antigens after boosting.

CONCLUSIONS:

 The present results indicate that the blunting of infant pertussis responses induced by maternal immunization, measured after a primary series of aP vaccines, was resolved with the booster aP vaccine dose. These results add to the evidence for national and international decision makers on maternal immunization as a vaccination strategy for protection of young infants against infectious diseases.

© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.