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Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 8. summary and recommendations of the Expert Panel

Thursday, 31st of August 2017 Print

“Community based primary health care should be a priority for strengthening health systems, accelerating progress in achieving universal health coverage, and ending preventable child and maternal deaths.”

Full text is at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5475312/

J Glob Health. 2017 Jun;7(1):010908. doi: 10.7189/jogh.07.010908.

Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health:

8. summary and recommendations of the Expert Panel

Black RE1,2Taylor CE1,3Arole S4,2,5Bang A6,2,5Bhutta ZA7,8,2,5Chowdhury AMR9,2,5Kirkwood BR10,2,5Kureshy N11,2,5Lanata CF12,2,5Phillips JF13,2,5Taylor M14,2,5Victora CG15,2,5Zhu Z16,2,5Perry HB1.

 

1

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

2

Chairperson, Expert Panel.

3

Former Chairperson, Expert Panel (deceased).

4

Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health Project, Jamkhed, Maharashtra, India.

5

Member, Expert Panel.

6

Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India.

7

University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

8

Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

9

BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

10

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

11

Bureau of Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA.

12

Institute of Nutritional Research, Lima, Peru.

13

Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.

14

Independent Consultant, South Royalton, Vermont, USA.

15

Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.

16

Capital Institute of Pediatrics and China Advisory Center for Child Health, Beijing, China.

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The contributions that community-based primary health care (CBPHC) and engaging with communities as valued partners can make to the improvement of maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) is not widely appreciated. This unfortunate reality is one of the reasons why so few priority countries failed to achieve the health-related Millennium Development Goals by 2015. This article provides a summary of a series of articles about the effectiveness of CBPHC in improving MNCH and offers recommendations from an Expert Panel for strengthening CBPHC that were formulated in 2008 and have been updated on the basis of more recent evidence.

METHODS:

An Expert Panel convened to guide the review of the effectiveness of community-based primary health care (CBPHC). The Expert Panel met in 2008 in New York City with senior UNICEF staff. In 2016, following the completion of the review, the Panel considered the reviews findings and made recommendations. The review consisted of an analysis of 661 unique reports, including 583 peer-reviewed journal articles, 12 books/monographs, 4 book chapters, and 72 reports from the gray literature. The analysis consisted of 700 assessments since 39 were analyzed twice (once for an assessment of improvements in neonatal and/or child health and once for an assessment in maternal health).

RESULTS:

The Expert Panel recommends that CBPHC should be a priority for strengthening health systems, accelerating progress in achieving universal health coverage, and ending preventable child and maternal deaths. The Panel also recommends that expenditures for CBPHC be monitored against expenditures for primary health care facilities and hospitals and reflect the importance of CBPHC for averting mortality. Governments, government health programs, and NGOs should develop health systems that respect and value communities as full partners and work collaboratively with them in building and strengthening CBPHC programs - through engagement with planning, implementation (including the full use of community-level workers), and evaluation. CBPHC programs need to reach every community and household in order to achieve universal coverage of key evidence-based interventions that can be implemented in the community outside of health facilities and assure that those most in need are reached.

CONCLUSIONS:

Stronger CBPHC programs that foster community engagement/empowerment with the implementation of evidence-based interventions will be essential for achieving universal coverage of health services by 2030 (as called for by the Sustainable Development Goals recently adopted by the United Nations), ending preventable child and maternal deaths by 2030 (as called for by the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and many countries around the world), and eventually achieving Health for All as envisioned at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978. Stronger CBPHC programs can also create entry points and synergies for expanding the coverage of family planning services as well as for accelerating progress in the detection and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. Continued strengthening of CBPHC programs based on rigorous ongoing operations research and evaluation will be required, and this evidence will be needed to guide national and international policies and programs.

 

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